All content in this website is sourced legitimately

Archives

All the news items since the launch of our web site are preserved in the archive section. The archive entries are freely accessible to all the users.

Mar 2016

While the total oil initially in place (OIIP) in the Krishna-Godawari deepwater block KG-DWN-98/2 is estimated at 94.26 MMT, production of only 23.5 MMT is envisaged during the 2020-2031 period.
 8Then again, the gas initially in place (GIIP) is estimated at 69.57 BCM, of which only 50.7  BCM can be produced during the 2018-34 period.
 8The offshore part of the KG Basin categorized as shallow and deep waters, covers the area of the Srikakulam coast in the north to off Nellore in the south and is considered as highly prospective for hydrocarbon exploration.
 8The discovery area of the block has been split into two: the Northern Discovery Area (NDA) and the Southern Discovery Area (SDA). While the NDA is spread over 3,800 sq km, the SDA covers an area of 3,494 sq km.
 8The Northern Discovery Area (NDA) is further divided into two primary production areas: Cluster-1 and Cluster-2. Cluster 1 is a predominantly gas-rich area, located in the north of NDA, which includes fields D, E and G4. The nominated Godavari PML block also falls in this area. Cluster 2 area, located in the south of NDA, has both oil and gas and includes oil fields (in Cluster 2A) A2, P1, M3, M1 and G-2-2. The gas fields (in Cluster 2B) are R1, U3, U1, and A1.
 8Cluster 2A has estimated In-place reserves of 94.26 MMt of crude oil and 21.75 BCM of Associated Gas (i.e. Solution Gas + Gas Cap Gas); and (ii) Cluster 2B which has estimated In-place reserves of Free Gas of 51.98 BCM.
 8Production is envisaged at a peak oil rate of 77,305 bopd and 3.81 MMSCMD of associated gas through 15 producer wells along with 12 water injection wells with a peak water injection rate of 9,400 m3/d from Cluster 2A oil fields.
 8Peak production rate of free gas is envisaged at 12.75 MMSCMD from 8 wells of Cluster-2B free gas fields. Total oil and gas production is pegged at 23.526 MMt and 50.706 BCM respectively during the project life from Cluster 2.
 8The peak daily production rate from the Cluster 2 works out to 16.89% and 27.60% of ONGC’s current production rate of crude oil and natural gas respectively.
 8Exploration efforts carried out so far in the block have led to discovery of hydrocarbons in the entire block and established the Northern Discovery Area (NDA) with significant discoveries like Annapurna (R-1), Kanakadurga (G2P1) and Padmavati (M1) and the Southern Discovery Area (SDA) with UD-1 discovery.
Click here for more information. Details
The other important highlights of the project are:
 8During peak output, the area is expected to produce 77,305 barrels per day of crude oil and 16.29 million metric standard cubic metres per day of gas.
 8It would take three years to achieve peak production, which is expected to be maintained for another five to six years.
 8ONGC believes that this is the right time to invest as both the cost of oil field equipment and services as well as the price of oil is likely to go up from here on.
 8In order to achieve a post-tax return of 15% on the KG Basin investment, ONGC would require a crude oil price of $51 a barrel and natural gas price of $6.5/mmbtu.
 8ONGC is confident that the project would be viable below the ceiling price for natural gas announced by the government.
 8The project is expected to boost ONGC’s top line by $846 million in the first year of production, while profit after tax would be a negative $593 million in that year. But in three years, the KG Basin project would generate revenues to the tune of $1.896 billion, which would add $585 million to the explorer’s profit after tax.
 8No decision has been finalized yet on whether the project would be funded by internal accruals or whether there would be some borrowing. Currently, ONGC is a debt-free company on a standalone basis and is expected to report a cash balance of Rs 11,500 crore by March 30.
 8In dollar terms, the investment is  USD 5,076.37 million (equivalent to INR 34,012 Crore with the dollar rate taken as INR 67).  
Click here for more information. Details
The report has detailed chapters on the following topics:
 8How the new government has reset ambitions
 8Investment climate in India and foreign trade
 8Entry options of foreign companies into India
 8Changes in funding options for businesses
 8Changes in repatriation of funds
 8Changes in financial and tax reporting
 8Changes in economic laws and regulations
 8The mergers and acquisition paradigm in India
 Click here for more information. Details
For reference purposes, the website carries here a 200-page report that highlights how doing business in India has eased over the last two years.
 The report highlights the steps taken by the central government in facilitating investments, simplifying labour laws, smoothening business operations, reducing paper work and compliance.
 8Initiatives taken by individual state governments are also highlighted here.
 8It is a handy guide to anyone who wants to keep track of the changes that the new government has made across a broad range of parameters
 Click here for more information. Details
There are still skeptics who believe that the electric car revolution is not happening anytime soon.
8Big oil companies such as Exxon Mobil and Shell are bearish on the cost competitiveness of electric vehicles.
8But sticking on to their projections will be increasingly at their own peril.
8Just a year ago, the projection was that electric cars can only be cost competitive with internal combustion engine (ICE) cars by 2030. 
8Now the date has been advanced to 2025
8BMW, for example, has already said they expect all their models to be electric by 2025. 
8The winds of change will sweep India as well. And the huge liquid fuel edifice -- in terms of retail outlets and distribution networks -- built laboriously by the oil companies may become outdated in 15 years time if EV technology continues to move as rapidly as it is doing now.
Click here for more information. Details
2015 produced a new record for global investment in renewable energy.
 8The amount of money committed to renewables excluding large hydro-electric projects rose 5% to $285.9 billion, exceeding the previous record of $278.5 billion achieved in 2011.
 8This was more than double allocations to new coal and gas generation, which was an estimated $130 billion in 2015.
 8Cost of renewal energy is also dropping rapidly.
 8Technological and material advances have cut the cost of solar modules by four fifths since 2008, with the promise of more to come.
 8The forcast is that the average cost of crystalline silicon cells will fall by well over a third over the next decade, from $0.47 per Watt in 2015 to $0.30 per Watt in 2025. Roughly half the reduction will be driven by a rise in efficiency, and half from capital cost reductions.
 8As a result of this innovation, by 2030 solar will undercut fossil electricity generation in all but the least promising locations.
Click here for more information. Details
The problem with solar or wind energy has always been its intermittent nature of supply.
 8To even out the supply, grid sized battery storage capacities are now springing up rapidly.
 8And cost of such storage capacity is falling rapidly.
 8It is estimated that for medium- and long-term balancing, there will be a need for “flexible generation” that can supply electricity when there is insufficient production from wind and solar to meet demand.
 8Estimates are that flexible generation capacity worldwide would need to grow from some 58GW in 2015 to 858GW in 2040.
 8This will be some combination of quick ramp-up gas-fired power, interconnectors, demand response and storage.
 8The big question is to what extent adding batteries will impact the levelised cost of electricity for wind and solar projects.
 8A 20-year contract entered by Hawaii in September 2015 with a utility allows for flexible supply of solar power by using battery storage at a cost that is lower than conventional power.
 8Similar deals are getting stuck in other places around the world as well at competitive rates.
 8Around 250 MW of battery storage capacity came up in 2015 and total projects announced has already crossed 1.2 GW.
 Click here for more information. Details
Experts are now increasingly talking of disruptive technologies that can dramatically upset projections of continuingly increasing demand for fossil fuels well into the future.
 8Research papers are now predicting that it will not be business as usual (BAU) for the oil and gas industry. The BAU case sees fossil fuels making up three quarters of the total energy demand by 2040.
 8One game changer is the sliding cost of energy storage in batteries that will have the advantage of removing the barrier of intermittency in renewable energy supply, leading to much higher penetration of renewal energy in an economy.
 8Forecasts of ‘battery parity’ – the point where renewable energy, typically solar, and battery costs match grid supply costs – show renewables and energy storage could be cost competitive in the near-term. 
 8Deutsche Bank sees battery parity being reached in Germany in 2016, while another consultancy sees solar PV plus storage outcompeting retail power prices in Australia, Japan, Spain and Brazil by 2018.
 8This will also mean that major consumers of grid power can eventually go off-grid completely.
 8The eventual shift to renewable energy will have severe implications not just for coal-based but also for the gas-based power. In other words, the projected increase in gas based peaking power requirement may not happen, thereby limiting the demand for gas in the future. 
 Click here for more information Details
Disruptive change is the new reality. Technological innovations have challenged the very existence of the old order in more ways than one. The advent of shale oil has pushed the price of oil to 12 year lows. Analysts are now talking of oil prices going as low as $10/bbl. A potent combination of solar power and electric cars threaten the very existence of the conventional oil and gas industry.
 8Yet another disruptive change comes in the form of a driverless car which can dramatically bring down the demand for cars -- and the consequent demand for petrol and diesel -- as autonomous vehicles transport people around in a seamless manner.
 8Earlier projections were that driverless cars will become a reality only by 2030s but the timeline has now been advanced to 2020.
 8Combining the popularity of App-based taxi services such as Uber and its Indian counterpart Ola, which are often cheaper and more efficient than conventional cabs, with driverless cars can increasingly make owning a car less enticing than in the past.
 8Some people who might hitherto have wanted to own a car may no longer want do so.
 8This may have the impact of cancelling out the growth the motor industry might otherwise have expected from the rising middle classes in developing countries.
 8These developments by themselves will have far reaching implications for the oil and gas industry.
 8The disruptive changes that downstream and even upstream oil companies should keep an eye on are:
 --The electric care becoming cheaper to own and use than a conventional care: Likely to happen by 2020-25
 --The driverless car becoming a practical reality: Can happen now by 2020.
 Click here for more information. Details
The problem with the electric car now is that it is still more expensive to make than a conventional car.
 8But that too is changing.
 8Testla, a pioneer in battery cars, is building a Gigafactory that will bring down battery costs by 30%.
 8Technological breakthroughs and economies of scale are working an insidious way to sabotage the future of the conventional car that is run on petrol and diesel.
 8Experts have predicted that there will be a tipping point when electric cars are the only cars that will sell.
 8And it is not necessary that the innovation is on the supply side of electric or fuel cell cars.
 8It can be on the demand side too.
 8What if the Gadkari Committee comes out with the bright idea of floating an international tender that says it will buy 150 million electric cars over a 10 year period, beginning 2020 provided the price is right.
 8Will the price of the electric car fall as dramatically through competitive bidding price of solar power energy has in India over the last few years?
 8The differential between the savings in the crude import bill and the cost of power that will be used to charge electric vehicles can then be used to fund or subsidize the purchase of 150 million cars
 8Goel spoke about the possibility of electric cars being made available at zero down payment, with future payouts coming from savings in the fuel bill of car buyers.
 8India can yet emerge as a leader in the electric car business. All it needs is some innovative thinking.
 Click here for more information. Details
An announcement by power minister Piyush Goel last week that a ministerial group has been set up under transport minister Nitin Gadkari, environment minister Prakash Javadekar and petroleum minister Dharmendra Kumar to look at the possibility of India becoming a 100% electric vehicle nation by 2030 has immense significance. "We are thinking of scale. We are thinking of leading the world rather than following the world. India will be first large country in the world to think of that scale," he said.
 8Goel's proclamation must be taken very seriously by the oil and industry because technology is indeed available or will be soon for such a possibility.
 8Other countries are setting targets too. Norway has unveiled plans for 100 percent – of new passenger cars, buses and light commercial vehicles -- to be of the zero emission variety by 2025. The country's drive will be primarily through battery powered electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.
 8The advent of the low cost electric car is now a foregone conclusion but the question is when will the tipping point come.
 8Technology is pushing ahead at a furious pace. Not so long ago, it was thought that the the 300 km barrier for an electric car (before it has to recharge) will only be broken by 2025. But already, BMW has developed a car that has a mileage of 200 km before plugging in. GM’s Chevrolet Bolt, which hits markets later this year, boast of a 300-km range.
 8It is just a matter of time before the range of an EV goes well beyond the 300 km mark and equal the mileage from a full tank of a regular car.
 8The battery charging time too is likely to be cut drastically. A time might come when a car can be charged over a coffee break or in less than 10 minutes of even less, may be five.
 Click here for more information. Details
Norway is a country of 5.1 million people, the size of East Delhi.
 8Norway saying that it will go 100% emission free by 2025 is different from India saying it will do so by 2030.
 8Nevertheless, Norway can provide a template that policy planners in India can learn from.
 8By 2025, Norway will ensure that all cars, buses and light commercial vehicles will be 100% emission free.
 8By 2030, the country has proposed tha all new heavier class vans, 75 percent of new long-distance buses, and 50 percent of new trucks be zero emission vehicles.
 8Norway provides heavy incentives to electric and fuel cell vehicle owners but they will be tapered off over time.
 8Electric vehicles, including fuel cell vehicles, will adjust from no taxes to some taxes, and from no fares in toll gates around cities to low fares around them.
 8Similarly, free parking in municipal seats is to be replaced by “environmental differentiated parking fees based on emission levels,” authorities say.
 8India can learn from Norway but its trajectory will have to be different. Norway is rich in oil whereas India is not, and that is a big incentive in itself  for the latter to go electric.
 8The business models will have to be fine-tuned to the country's needs and while going 100% electric in less than a decade and  a half may sound a little over ambitious, setting such a goal to work with is entirely laudible.
 8For nothing can really be ruled out any more, as technology is moving so rapidly that it is impossible to predict how it is going to pan out five years from now, leave alone 15 years into the future.
 Click on Details for more Details
That Indian E&P operator cannot get a better price for deepwater gas than what the Narender Modi government handed out recently is evident from the fact that the Henry Hub spot price was at $1.80/mmbtu last week.
 8The figure was up from $1.74/mmbtu the week before.
 8At the New York Mercantile Exchange (Nymex), the price of the near-month (April 2016) contract fell from $1.868/MMBtu last Wednesday to $1.794/MMBtu yesterday.
 8In India, E&P companies will elicit a price of anywhere between $6-7/mmbtu for the gas produced.
 8The spot gas price is expected to keep coming down in India because of over supply of LNG in the market.
 8But this is going to remedy itself by the time new gas discoveries are brought to production by 2020 onwards.
 Click on Reports for more Details
Is an E&P company meant to pay for seismic data acquired through a speculative survey without withholding tax under section 195 of the Income Tax Act?
 8Tax was not withheld by an E&P company while paying GTX, a US seismic survey compamy, for data that was collected by it under the IndiaSPAN speculative survey plan.
 8The Income Tax authorities however said that such a transaction attracted withholding tax as the payment of data was in the nature of  a “license fee” towards  towards information concerning industrial, commercial or scientific experience and as such constituted “royalty” both under the provisions of India-US tax treaty and the IT Act.
 8The Appellate Authority however held that only seismic data was transferred in the transaction and not technology and therefore withholding tax is not applicable.
 8But the problem is that the courts have held such types of payments to attract withholding tax.
 8The next test on the subject is going to be in the courts.
 Click on Reports for more Details
Will the advent of the electric car mean the death of the quintessential petrol or diesel retail outlet?
 8If electric cars are going to take over, what will the Oil Marketing Companies do with the thousands of retail outlets that they have laboriously built over the last several decades?
 8What will happen to all the oil refineries if the requirement of diesel and petrol were to fall dramatically within a 10 to 15-year timeframe when electric cars are meant to replace conventional cars?
 8Agencies like the EIA are still conservative in their estimate of how disruptive technology can hit the oil and gas sector but it is time for Indian petroleum companies to prepare for an entirely new future or else their very survival will be at stake
 8What is required is a disaster response plan from them taking the worse  case scenario into account.
 8Disruptive technology has a surreptitious way of  undermining existing businesses, and the slow and stolid OMCs will not know what will hit them when the storm begins.
 8Give the silos in which they live, it is quite possible that the Tsunami will hit when they are least prepared for it.
 8Will it make sense then to convert their retail outlets into re-charging outlets for electric vehicles? Will there be more money in erecting real estate in their retail outlets, at least in those which are company owned and located near city centres?
 8How and when they react to the challenge is going to determine how their future will unfold.
 8Multiple strategy teams and consultants will have to be immediately deployed to study the progress of disruptive technology and the timeframe in which they will mature.
 8Rapid responses will have to be evolved to tackle these changes. 
 8A war is soon going to  come on, and the OMCs will have to fight it with all their strength.
 Click on Reports for more Details
What is Platt's DES West India assessment, the new benchmark for Indian gas supply?
 8DES stands for Delivered Ex-Ship and DES West India means a transaction in which the seller of LNG fulfills its obligations by delivering the goods aboard a ship at the Dahej or Hazira LNG terminal.
 8Earlier, Platts India LNG benchmark was a take off from the FOB Middle East price, to which the freight cost to India was added.
 8But in 2012, the India index came on its own and the FOB Middle East price in fact was arrived at through a netback calculation from the DES West India assessment. This is because India  emerged as the more liquid market and incremental cargoes from the Middle East dried up as a result of the Fukushima incident
 8Clearly, India had emerged as an important standalone market.
 8The DES West India assessment is published each business day and reflects market values prevailing at the close of Asian markets, typically at 4:30 pm Singapore time (0830 GMT).
 8The assessment is published after speaking to producers, consumers, traders, brokers, shippers and other active spot market participants.
 8All prices are quoted in US dollars per million British Thermal Units ($/MMBtu) to three decimal places.
 8This assessed value is based on confirmed spot transactions, firm bids/offers, or in the absence of liquidity, where a spot transaction would have been concluded.
 8Typical standard volumes considered are cargoes of 135,000-175,000 cu m and freight rates to arrive at the DES price are arrived at in a scientific and representative manner.
 Click here for more information. Details
The new gas price notification is finally out and the government has pegged the ceiling GCV price for deepwater and HP-HT discoveries at the lower of the average of imported price of coal, FO and naphtha or the Delivery Ex-Ship LNG, all with a 5% mark-up. The lower of the two average prices will be taken as the benchmark ceiling price.
 8The focus of the indigenous gas producers is on ceiling price fixed for imported LNG, which, according to the government, will be the average of 12 month daily prices quoted by Platts in its "LNG Daily" for West India DES price.
 8The assumption here is that the LNG price will be the lower of the two sets of prices unless of course crude prices rule at levels which are so low that the FO+Coal+Naphtha average falls below that of Platt's West India DES price.
 8The Platts index is based on spot cargoes and is calculated for spot LNG delivered at Hazira or Dahej terminals. The calculation was earlier based on a net-forward calculation which applied a freight cost addition to the FOB Middle East (FOB ME) assessments, but is now centered on a stand-alone DES West India assessment based on Market-on-Close methodology. 
 8There is now an anticipation that the DES West India price for LNG will become a hub price in itself and given India's large appetite for LNG, the benchmark will gain traction over time to become one of the primary setters of global LNG prices.
 8The West India Price may not gain the clout that Henry Hub or similar big trading hubs enjoy but its importance will grow over time as more LNG is delivered in the years to come.
 8Indian prices will then be set at either a discount or a premium to this price.
 8It is also assumed that over time, the differential between non-deep water gas price and other gas prices in India will gradually narrow and the Platts benchmark will be the price setter. 
 Click here for more information. Details
At present there is a glut in the LNG market, and supply is likely to far outstrip supply.
 8This will create downward pressure on the West Indian benchmark as LNG suppliers push down prices to sell their cargoes.
 8There is an anticipation that the spot price may hit the $ 4 benchmark before correcting itself when demand and supply of LNG balance out in the future.
 8This suits the current crop of gas producers in India as their discoveries are only going to hit the market by 2020, by when LNG prices are expected to begin firming up. 
 8The current glut will however hit LNG producers hard and many of them will not be able to recoup their full costs in the short term.
 8Since the development of a terminal is a sunk cost, operators will be happy to recoup their variable cost along with some portion of the fixed cost.
 8The new wave of LNG supply that is under construction (mostly in the US and Australia) comes at a time of increasing price pressure under uncertain demand growth, especially in Asia.
 8LNG suppliers are now figuring out that they have to spur demand, beyond just tapping big markets such as Europe or China.
 8The focus will on new importing countries and new sectors (such as bunkering)
 8Going directly to the sellers and giving them lucrative deals will be one way the LNG industry is likely to adapt going ahead.
Click here for more information. Details
Demand-supply projection data carried here by this website shows that 132 MMTPA of additional LNG capacity is now under construction and some of it is likely to come on stream by the time new gas from India's deepwater and HT-HP discoveries hit the ground.
 8By the first quarter of 2016, it is estimated that new capacity equal to 45% of existing capacity will come on stream.
 8What is more, a massive 855 MMTPA of capacity is under planning. 
 8This planned capacity is as much as 12 times the projected demand by the year 2025.
 8Clearly, there is a massive oversupply in the LNG market right up to the foreseeable future.
 8There is no doubt it is a buyers market, where suppliers will have to depend on the spot market in the absence of long term contracts.
 8The data also shows that LNG capacity will be way above contracted quantities for the next five years, even when planned capacity expansions are not taken into account.
 8Clearly LNG suppliers are a cornered lot today and they are forced to look at new markets and business models. 
 8But at the same time, the supply glut is expected to clear by 2021-22 and from there on, the gap widens and LNG prices begin to climb.
 8For the investors in India's gas discoveries, it is clearly a long term game and projections are that things are going to be all right for suppliers of gas.
Click here for more information. Details
Since the gas price in the future is going to be the important determinant for the likes of RIL, BP, ONGC and GSPC, the website carries here forward projections of LNG prices going up to the year 2030.
 8The standard deviations however show a wide band of prices, from less than $2/mmbtu to nearly $6/mmbtu up to the year 2020 but the picture is different from the 2020 to 2030.
 To put everything in proper perspective, the website also carries here a set of projections for gas prices costs going up to 2030 for the following indices:
  -- Henry Hub 
  -- NW Europe (Long Term Contract) 
  -- US Gulf Coast full cycle cost 
  -- US Gulf Coast short-run marginal cost
 8The indices show very interesting deflections and they must be analyzed carefully by any long term supplier or buyer of gas in India.
Click here for more information. Details
Indian refineries registered a production of 19 MMT during the month of February, 2016, which is 4.03 percent higher than the target for the month and 8.05 percent higher than the production during corresponding period of last year.
 8Cumulatively also, in April- February, production stood at 210.16 MMT which was 2.39 percent higher than the target for the period.
 8Public sector share of production during the month was 10.56 MMT which is 5.27  percent higher than the target and 9.39  percent higher than the production achieved in the corresponding month of last year.
 8Despite the good performance, any localized shortfall that occurred during the month of February can be attributed to high intermediate stock built up at IOCL's Digboi refinery and planned shutdown of IOCL's Guwahati refinery.
 8In addition to this, throughput from NRL's refinery was on the lower side due to less availability of Assam crude.
 8The production by JV refineries during February, 2016 was 1.201 MMT which is 0.93 percent lower than the target for the month and 19.74 percent higher than the production achieved in the corresponding month of last year.
 8Cumulatively also, production by JV refineries during April-February, was 15540.61 TMT which is 20.12 percent higher than the target.
 8The production by private refineries during the month was 7.236 MMT which is 3.12 percent higher than the target for the month and 4.49 percent higher than the production achieved in the corresponding month of last year.
 Click here for more information. Details
OIL’s natural gas production during February, 2016 was 218.48 MMSCM which is 6.95 percent lower than the target for the month and 8.00 percent higher than the production achieved in the corresponding month of last year.
 8OIL’s cumulative natural gas production during April, 2015-February, 2016 was 2584.26 MMSCM which is 6.18 percent lower than the target and 3.78 percent higher than the production during the corresponding period of last year.
 8The shortfall in gas output can be attributed to the lower upliftment by consumers such as BCPL and BVFCL.
 8Pvt. /JVs’ natural gas production during February, 2016 was 615.66 MMSCM which is 5.92 percent lower than the target for the month and 8.68 percent lower than the production achieved in the corresponding month of last year.
 8Cumulatively also, natural gas production during April -February period was 7591.42 MMSCM which is 0.93 percent lower than the cumulative target and 7.16 percent lower than the production during the corresponding period of last year.
 8The shortfall in production is mainly due to the to the underperformance of wells due to sand ingress and water loading in the KG basin (RIL) and the well completion issues in KG-OSN-2001/3 (GSPC).
 Other reasons for the shortfall are as follows:
 -- Natural Decline in Gas production of Ravva, Panna-Mukta, PY-1 and Hazira.
 -- Abandonment of the M&S Tapti field
 -- Less off-take by GAIL from RJ-ON/6.
 -- Delay in start of production in PY-3
 -- CBM: De-watering issues in CBM-blocks of Raniganj East, Raniganj South and Sohagpur West.
   Click here for more information. Details
 Natural Gas Production during February, 2016 was 2565.01 MMSCM which is 9.83 percent lower than the target for the month and 1.24 percent higher than the production during corresponding period of last year.
 8Cumulatively also, natural gas production during April-February period was 29709.55 MMSCM which is 7.83 percent lower than the target for the period.
 8ONGC’s gas output during the month of February, 2016 fell short of its target; output stood at 1730.87 MMSCM which is 11.48 percent lower than the target for the month.
 8Cumulatively, natural gas production during April, 2015-February, 2016 was 19533.88 MMSCM which is 10.46 percent lower than the target and 3.07 percent lower than the production during the corresponding period of last year.
 8In the eastern offshore region, a delay in commencement of production from one deep water well (S2AB) planned from June’15 and restricted offtake by GAIL are the main contributors towards the shortfall.
 Other reasons for the shortfall are given below:
 -- Bassein & Satellite: Consequential losses post BPA shutdown as the wells are yet to achieve original potential. Less than expected production from new development/side track wells in the Bassein field.
 -- Mumbai High: Delay in commencement of production from B127 cluster.
 -- Gujarat:Closure of wells due to unplanned shut down of the GAIL gas line from Ahmedabad/Kalol to Ramol. Decline in associated gas production from Jhalora South Kadi & Gamji fields.
 -- Andhra Pradesh:Closure of 36 wells as GAIL pipelines in Tatipaka-Lanco & Endamaru-Oduru sections are still under repair.
 -- Tamil-Nadu: Closure of wells due to less off-take by consumers in Ramnad / Kovilkallapal area in Karaikal.
 -- Assam: Decline in associated gas production in Geleki, Lakwa & Rudrasagar fields.
 -- Tripura: Less off take by power units, including OTPC, Baramura TSECL & NEEPCO Monarchak, etc.
 Click here for more information. Details
 OIL’s crude oil production during February, 2016 was 0.246 MMT which is 15.96 percent lower than the target for the month and 3.61 percent lower than the production achieved in the corresponding month of last year.
 Cumulatively also, production during April-February period was 2957.19 TMT which is 9.81 percent lower than the target.
 The rise in water cut in the wells in Salmari, Dikom, Greater Chandmari and Greater Hapjan fields led to lower oil production.
 Moreover, miscreant activities in a number of wells affected gas lift operations leading to crude oil production loss.
 Furthermore, permanent loss at Makum and Hapjan OCS, temporary cessation of flow at a Makum No.48 well were among other reason which contributed to lower production.
 In comparison, Pvt. /JVs’ crude oil production during February, 2016 was 869.73 TMT which is 2.19 percent higher than the target for the month.
 Despite good performance by Pvt./JVs’, Natural decline Natural decline in Ravva, Mangala and underperformance of Bhagyam wells in RJ-ON-90/1 hampered Cairn India’s oil production.
 The following are other reason for the shortfall in production levels:
 -- RIL: Under performance of wells in KG-D6.
 -- GSPC: Well completion issues in KG-OSN-2001/3.
 -- M&S Tapti field: Under abandonment
 -- Geoenpro: Sand ingress in Kharsang.
 Click here for more information. Details
Crude oil production during February, 2016 was 2.896 MMT which is 3.37 percent lower than the target for the month.
 8Cumulative crude oil production during April, 2015-February, 2016 was 33.88 MMT which is 0.17 percent higher than the target for the period and 1.01 percent lower than the production during corresponding period of last year.
 8ONGC’s crude oil production during February, 2016 was 1780.73 TMT which is 3.93 percent lower than the target for the month and 4.39 percent higher than the production achieved in the corresponding month of last year.
 8Cumulatively also, production during April-February was 20.49 MMT which is 1.18 percent lower than the cumulative target and 0.90 percent higher than the production during the corresponding period last year.
 The shortfall in ONGC’s production was due to following reason:
 -- Gujarat, Mehsana: Less air injection in the Santhal field, increase in water cut and power shutdowns.
 -- Gujarat, Ahmedabad: Delayed / less gain from the Gamij field. Power shutdowns and lift optimization.
 -- Gujarat, Cambay: Less than envisaged production from Vadatal-1 due to an increase in water cut to around 80 percent.
 -- Assam: Low gas injection pressure, power shutdown and closure of wells.
 -- Tamilnadu, Karaikal: Less than anticipated production from the Madanam field and closure of wells due to less / nil off-take by consumers.
 -- Mumbai High: Delay in commencement of production from B127 cluster. Less production from Cluster-7 & WO-16 cluster.
 Click here for more information. Details
 Naphtha’s consumption recorded a growth of 13.7 percent during the month of February, 2016 and a growth of 22.6 percent on cumulative basis for the period April 2015 to February 2016.
 8 Growth was on account of higher consumption of naphtha by petrochemical and fertilizer units.
 8ATF consumption during February, 2016 also recorded a growth of 15.4 percent and on cumulative basis, a growth of 9.0 percent during the period April 2015 to February 2016.
 8Overall, domestic airlines carried 74.76 lakh passengers in February 2016 as compared to 60.16 lakh passengers in February last year, thereby registering a growth of 24.3 percent.
 Click here for more information. Details
 Light diesel oil (LDO) consumption recorded a de- growth of 7.6 percent in the month of February, 2016 while it grew by 9  percent on cumulative basis for the period April to February, 2016.
 8Month-wise demand for LDO also fluctuates depending on its requirement at power plants for boiler restarts.
 8FO and LSHS consumption registered a growth of 16.1 percent during February, 2016. On cumulative basis, there has been growth of 8.7 percent for the period April 2015 to February 2016.
 8The growth is mainly from power, steel and other general industrial sectors. The consumption of LSHS would have been higher but for the shift to natural gas by major customers like power and fertilizer industries.
 Click here for more information. Details
 Bitumen consumption registered a growth of 18 percent during the month of February, 2016 and cumulatively there is a growth of 14.6 percent for the period April to February 2016.
 8Road transportation has gradually increased over the years with the improvement in connectivity between cities, towns and villages in the country have spurred the growth of bitumen use.
 8Cognizant of the need to create an adequate road network to cater to the increased traffic and movement of goods, the government has earmarked on a Rs. 97,000 crores road building spreee during 2016-17 for development of 10,000 KM of highways and roads.
 8Petcoke consumption registered a growth of 13.5 percent during February, 2016 and a cumulative growth of 20.9 percent was registered during the period April 2015 to February 2016.
 8 Multi-fuel cement plants use petcoke for their production and fall in prices of petroleum products makes it very lucrative to use.
 Click here for more information. Details
 Natural Gas consumption saw an increase of an impres19.1 percent during February, 2016 as compared to the same month in the previous year.
 8In terms of volumes, total consumption in February, 2016 were 3,174.58 MMSCM as compared to 2,666.11 MMSCM in February, 2015.
 8There was a net increase in consumption by power sector to the tune of 26.1 percent from 585.59 MMSCM in February, 2015 to 738.21 MMSCM in February, 2016. The increase is primarily because of the “gas pooling policy” introduced by Government of India to revive idling gas based power plants in the country primarily in the Western and Southern part of the country.
 8Consumption of natural gas in the fertilizer sector in February, 2016 witnessed a jump of 13.2 percent as compared to February, 2015. In February, 2016, the fertilizer sector consumed 1,154.77 MMSCM of gas compared to 1,020.22 MMSCM in February, 2015.
 8Consumption of natural gas in the CGD sector showed a growth of 34.0 percent from 316.81 MMSCM in February, 2015 to 424.35 MMSCM in February, 2016 due to increase in off-take by CGD companies in all the regions.
 8Industrial consumption (IC) showed an increase of 24.4 percent from 337.25 MMSCM in February, 2015 to 419.46 MMSCM in February, 2016 primarily due to increase in appetite for lower priced spot LNG resulting from the steep decline of crude prices.
 Click here for more information. Details
 LPG consumption has been going up for thirty months in a row. A positive growth of 15.5 percent during February 2016 and a cumulative growth of 8.1 percent for the period April 2015 to February 2016 are the latest highlights.
 8The LPG-packed domestic consumption registered a growth of 15.3 percent percent during February 2016 and a growth of 6.5 percent during the period April 2015 to February 2016.
 8The growth was mainly due to consumers picking up subsidized cylinders before nationwide launch of DBTL and the consequent lapse in quotas by end of March 2015.
 8The non-domestic LPG consumption for the fourteenth month in a row registered a spurt in growth  growth of 22.1 percent in February 2016 and cumulative growth of 39.3 percent during April to February 2016.
 8High growth in LPG Packed Non-Domestic segment may be attributed to easy availability and a curb in diversion of subsidized domestic cylinders after the launch of DBTL.
 8On the other hand, bulk LPG, consumption recorded a negative growth of -15.6 percent during February, 2016 but the growth still remained positive at 4.3 percent during April to February 2016.
 8The auto LPG segment for the third month in a row registered a de-growth of 5.3 percent in February 2016 while posting a 4.3 percent growth during April 2015 to February 2016.
 Click here for more information. Details
HSD consumption in the country for the seventh month in a row recorded a positive growth of 10.8 percent during the month of February, 2016 as compared to February, 2015 and a cumulative growth of 6.8 percent for the period April 2015 to February 2016.
 8Election  campaigns in Assam, West Bengal and Tamil Nadu and legislative assembly elections in certain districts of UP were main factors that lead to higher consumption.
 8Continuing its positive momentum, the commercial vehicle segment in India has sustained its strong growth in February 2016, spurring on diesel comsumption.
 8The medium and heavy commercial vehicle (M&HCV) segment has maintained its strong double-digit growth curve over the past one-and-a-half years, recording a growth of 34.3 percent during the month.
 8Diesel consumption would have been higher but for a bridging of the power deficit from -2.5 percent in February, 2015 to -1.7 percent during February, 2016, leading to reduced usage of diesel for back-up power generation.
 Click here for more information. Details
In line with the continuing trend, there has been a growth of 12.8 percent in the consumption of MS during February, 2016 in relation to the same month in 2015.
 8The sale of MS has followed a high trajectory of growth, as hundreds of thousands of Indians, spurred by cheap credits and rising income, are buying cars and 2-wheelers each.
 8Further, the declining price of MS has resulted in greater usage of cars and two wheelers and boosted consumer preference for petrol driven vehicles. The narrowing price gap between diesel and petrol has resulted in a shift towards petrol driven cars.
 8For the automotive industry in India, the road to growth just got a little bumpier with the recent dip in car sales pointing towards tough times ahead for the industry, and the Union Budget imposing further infrastructure tax of 1-4 percent on all conventionally fuelled passenger vehicles.
 Click here for more information. Details
The consumption of all petroleum products registered a growth of 11.7 percent during February, 2016 as compared to the same month, 2016 year
 8Except for SKO and LDO, all other products recorded a positive growth in the month of February.
 8On cumulative basis, a growth of 10 percent was registered for the period April to February, 2016.
 8SKO and Lubes/Greases are the only products which have recorded a negative growth of -3.6 percent, and -2.3 percent respectively during the period April to February, 2016.
 8The high growth has been attributed by Standard and Poor to continued low oil prices that have  boost spending in India.
 8India’s push for Make-In-India, reforms in mining, improvements in infrastructure like better roads, airports and job creation have also led to higher fuel consumption in the country.
  Click here for more information. Details
It is not going to be a cakewalk for domestic deepwater and HP-HT producers to project the price of gas by the time they go into production by around 2020.
 8Importantly, India has preferred the spot rate to the long term contract rate of the kind entered into by RasGas of Qatar with Petronet LNG of India.
 8This does bring in a certain amount of uncertainty to the pricing paradigm as spot rates can swing widely as they are dictated more by demand-supply forces than cost considerations.
 8Producing gas from challenging geological reservoirs requires planning and long term deployment of resources.
 8In this context, for the government to peg the price of gas from these discoveries to the vagaries of the spot market may not be entirely fair. Pegging the price instead to the average of long term rates would have been a more viable proposition.
 8The formula however is tailored in such a manner as to smoothen out the fluctuations as the average of daily spot prices spread over an entire year will be taken into account in six monthly intervals.
 8There are two sides to spot prices. They could rule well above the long term contract price or well below. There is no guarantee which way these prices will turn and this makes the job more complicated for Indian E&P operators.
Click here for more information. Details
Indigenous crude oil production during February, 2016 was marginally more at 0.7% (19 TMT) than that of February, 2015. On cumulative basis, the production was 1.1% (364 TMT) less than the April 2014 to February 2015 period.
 8Production of petroleum products during February, 2016 saw a growth of 8.61% (1,516 TMT) over the corresponding month of the previous year. On cumulative basis
 during the period April 2015 to February 2016, there was a growth of 3.8% (7,697 TMT) in production as compared to the same period in the previous year.
 8Except for IOCL’s Haldia refinery CDU-1/VDU-1 units shutdown for 10 days starting from 27.2.2016 and MRPL’s DHDT unit problems, there were no reported planned and unplanned shutdown of refinery units during February, 2016. This resulted in 106.8% capacity utilization during the month. Total product availability during the month from refineries/fractionators was 19,137 TMT against POL production of 17,621 TMT as compared to February 2015.
 8IOCL’s Paradip refinery was dedicated to the nation on 7th February, 2016 by the Prime Minister. The installed capacity of the refinery is 15 MMTPA.
 8Export of POL products improved during February, 2016 by 21.2% (1,010 TMT) as compared to February, 2015. On cumulative basis, POL exports were lower by 6.5% (3,858 TMT) as compared to April 2014 to February 2015 period.
 Click here for more information. Details
India is still pushing the coal gasification route -- despite the fact the use of coal is now frowned upon for environmental concerns and there is a looming hike in carbon tax on coal that will discourage its use -- to produce value added products, according to a presentation available with this website.
8A comparison is made with China where coal gasification is very big. A massive 2,40,793 tonnes of coal is gasified very day in 107 Chinese units, with 62% of production geared towards methnaol and 21% towards ammonia.
8If China can do it, India can too, the presentation seems to suggest.
8What the presentation points out is that new gasification units are still coming up in China. Between now and 2020, 41 new units with a consumption of 6,00,000 tonnes per day, with 72% of output devoted to syn gas, and another 16% to methanol, are expected to come up.
8Of the 41 units, 20 units will produce syn gas and 11 will make methanol while and 4 will proudce FT-Liquid.
8The cost economics in India cannot be far off the mark from China, the presentation claims.
 Click here for more information. Details
A massive ecological disaster that has ravished the Sunderbans in Bangladesh after a Furnace Oil tanker sank in December 2014 seems to have gone largely unnoticed in India.
8The spill has spread all over the Sundarbans via the waterways, reaching far into the forest through hundreds of canals.
8The Sundarbans are one of the world's largest mangrove forests and home to the Bengal tiger and is spread through West Bengal and Bangladesh.
8The thick and poisonous spill has been carried deep inside the Sunderbans by high tides, via the Sela river (where the disaster originated) and the Passur and Baleshwari rivers, and the innumerable canals.

8It had been estimated that about 80 to 100 square kilometres of waterways and coastal vegetation has been affected by the oil pollution, but the extend of the damage to the interior of the forest has not been clearly examined.

8A report says that when the oil enters the still waters of the canals, it forms thick and impenetrable tar-like deposits with the rise and ebb of the tide. When the water goes down, oil deposits stick to the slope of the mud-banks, and oily junk gathers at the roots of the trees.

8The carcinogenic polyaromatic hydro-carbon in the furnace oil is highly damaging to the liver and skin. Apart from this, the layer of oil prevents sunlight and oxygen from entering the water.

8Since the oil spill, dolphins, crocodiles, fish, fishing birds, or any other animal have reportedly not been spotted in the area. They have either perished or have moved elsewhere.
8It will be in India's interest to help out here.
Click here for more information.

Details
Petroleum product consumption registered a growth of 11.7% during February, 2016 as compared to 11.0% growth during February, 2015. Except for Kerosene and LDO, all other  products registered positive growth during February, 2016. During the period April 2015 to February 2016 petroleum product consumption registered a growth of 10.0% (15.2 MMT) as compared to the same period last year.
 8Gross production of natural gas for the month of February, 2016 was 2,565 MMSCM which was higher by 1.2% compared with the corresponding month of the previous year (2,534 MMSCM). The cumulative gross production for the current year till February, 2016 was 29,710 MMSCM which was lower by 3.6% compared with the corresponding period of the previous year (30,819 MMSCM)
 8LNG import during the month was 1,788 MMSCM which was 62.6% higher than the corresponding month of the previous year (1,100 MMSCM). The cumulative import 19,563 MMSCM for the current year till February, 2016 was higher by 13.1% compared with the corresponding period of the previous year (17,299 MMSCM).
 8The prices of Brent crude averaged $32.48/bbl during February, 2016 as against $30.69/bbl during January, 2016. Similarly the Indian basket crude averaged $30.53/bbl during February, 2016 against $28.08/bbl during the previous month.
 8With the continuing downward trend in crude prices, the import bill of crude oil is estimated to reduce by 43% from $113 billion in 2014-15 to $64 billion in 2015-16 considering Indian basket crude oil price of $ 36/bbl and $/Rs=67 for the balance part of the financial year.
Click here for more information. Details
Of the many LNG terminals that are meant to come up in India, the government of India seems to take cognisance of only four so far.
 8The others seem to be at a lower order of preparation in comparison to these four
 The terminals are:
 8Kakinada East Godavari (FRSU), a JV between GAIL and the AP government, for 5 MMTPA
 8IOC's Ennore terminal for 5 MMTPA
 8ONGC and BPCL's Mangalore terminal for 2.5 MMTPA
 8Dhamra LNG terminal for 5 MMTPA
 Click here for more information. Details
Now that sanctions have been lifted, Iran is the new destination for E&P companies and for providers of oilfield equipment and services.
 8The anticipation is that hundreds and billions of dollars of new investments will be unleashed in Iran even as prospects look gloomy elsewhere in the world.
 8The report estimates the prospects in Iran over the period 2016-2020.
 Details are provided on:
 8Key onshore and offshore projects that are likely to come up for development.
 8Market potential for onshore and offshore rig and oil field equipment and services
 8Attendant downstream expansions and potential business development opportunities
 8Indian companies looking to tear way from the stagnant Indian market will find the document helpful
Click here for more information. Details
For reference purposes, the website carries the following details on LNG liquefaction plants worldwide:
 8Onstream LNG plants
 8Under construction LNG plants
 8Planned LNG projects
 8Proposed or under study LNG projects
 8Similar data is also given for the world's gasification terminals.
 Click here for more information. Details
HPCL's Mumbai refinery is located in a crowded location and it has the potential of causing unprecedented havoc in case of accidents.
 8In a public hearing, there is likely to be intense opposition to any further expansion of the refinery from inhabitants in the neighbourhood.
 8The public is likely to be aware of the fact that an evaluation exercise by HPCL to review risks to business, the potential risks at the Mumbai refinery primarily on account of space constraints and congestion feature at the top.
 8Potential disaster risks identified at the refineries are: threat of fire or explosion or large H2S release leading to production loss, environmental damage, loss of property and human life within and outside the refinery, loss of company image and temporary or even a permanent shutdown of the refineries in case the scale of the disaster is very large.
 8While disaster management preparedness is high up on the agenda, effective implementation is hindered by external factors such as lack of adequate exit routes or high population density around the refinery.
 8Factors like space constraints within the refinery, close proximity of the refinery to densely populated areas, security issues, marketing terminals being within the refinery and not segregated from them and the fact that many product tankers ply to the refinery coupled with the frightening possibility of a release of H2S gas from the ARUs/SWSUs/SRUs that can cause large scale damage are likely to agitate the public during the hearing process.
 8Traffic congestion and density of population around the refinery pose evacuation risks for both people and products, especially since the exists are limited. 
 8The space constraint is also severely impacting the growth of the refinery, and there is precious little that HPCL can do here.
 8The congestion in the refinery make upgradation of units or addition of units extremely complicated but HPCL wants to go ahead nevertheless.
 8The website carries here a unit configuration map of HPCL's refinery and it shows that the units so closely strung together that an accident is just waiting to happen.
 8An accident can create wide spread damage across the entire refinery because the units are literally packed in a sardine can.
 Click here for more information. Details
It looks like HPCL will have to go through a public hearing process for the expansion of its Mumbai refinery from 7.5 MMTPA to 9.5 MMTPA.
 8HPCL tried very hard to convince a visiting Expert Appraisal Committee that a public hearing was not necessary as the same spot of land where environment clearance was already obtained for the existing refinery complex is going to be utilized for the expansion.
 8The EAC has turned down HPCL's request and the company will now have to go through the rigors of a public hearing for the expansion.
 8HPCL did try very hard to wriggle out of the hearing, not just by pleading with the visitng EAC team but following it up with a letter to the environment ministry.
 8Now that the request has been turned down, it has to go through the trouble of a public hearing.
 8Given the highly crowded environment in which the Mumbai refinery operates, the company is likely to have a tough time eliciting an approval for the expansion from the local populace without adequate quid pro quo.
 Click here for more information. Details
High cost in comparison to natural gas:
 8Solution:  Exploit economy of scale along with extensive optimization to cut down capex and opex. Also eliminate the spare gasifier while undertaking cost reduction in the making of oxygen, using poly-generation option,  while locating the plant near to coal source
 Energy efficiency and CO2 emissions:
 8If a CO2 tax or other penalty is introduced and alternative to coal is not available, the gasification route remains the most efficient for CO2 capture and sequestration (CCS). Then again, there is the possibility that new technology in utilizing CO2 such as methanol production from CO2 (CAMERE Process) or through Dry Reforming take off, negating the need for expensive CCS.
 Low Hydrogen Carbon Source ( in terms of low molar H/C ratio compared to hydrocarbons:
 8Exploit availability of huge coal reserves. Alternatively, use CO chemicals as the route out.
 Resource, Environment, & Industrial Policy Challenges
 8There is the need for uniform coal policies and government support. There is also a requirement to optimize and reuse water and, if possible, locate in a coastal location. Exploit Process Integration Opportunities and UCG
 Oil price fluctuations, low prices, new sources such as shale gas and CBM
 8Coal will allow for energy security as coal gasification is an attractive option if competing energy sources are expensive or national independence of energy supply plays a role.
 Click here for the full presentation along with details of various gasification technology options still available for India today. Details
What kind of cost economics is the presentation taking about while using the coal gasification route?
 8The argument being made is that these projects are viable and can compete with natural gas.
 Details are given for costs for manufacturing the following products from coal:
 -- Clean Syn Gas
 -- SNG (5 mmscmd)
 -- Methanol (5000 MTPD
 -- Ammonia (3850 MTPD)
 Click here for more information. Details
The presentation goes on to elaborate the characteristics of coal available in the major collieries of North Karnapura, Korba, Singrauli, Taclher and Ib Valley to argue that coal gasification is indeed a viable proposition in India.
 8What is being argued is a multi-product generation model.
 8Of the several models put forward, a 5 MMSCM syn gas unit with a coal feed of 6.2 mmtpa, with an ash content of 40-45%, is the optimal proposition.
 8Another option that is elaborated in great detail are a coal to methanol project with a capacity of 5000 MTDT.
 8Another variation speaks of coal to DME, which can be used as piped natural gas, as transportation fuel (diesel and FC vehicles) and can also be used for power generation and making chemicals.
 8A coal to DME alignment can straight away produce a substitute for LPG
 8Another very viable option is coal to ammonia, which is then used to make urea.
 8China uses coal to produce 92% of its ammonia while India manufacturers no ammonia using this route.
 Click here for more information. Details
As part of the duty rationalization move in the North East of India, the minister for state Nirmala Sitaraman is looking at the possibility of withdrawing the 50% excise duty relief on select North Eastern refineries, particularly Numaligarh Refinery Ltd (NRL).
 8The idea seems to be to free up resources that can be deployed in promoting other North Eastern projects.
 8The government had to withdraw the North East Industrial Policy, which provides the standard 50% excise duty relief and a series of other sops, on the ground that the there was not enough budgetary sanction for all the projects coming up there.
 8The rationale behind moving to withdraw the excise benefit on NRL emanates from the argument that refinery has posted high GRMs even without the excise duty relief.
 8NRL's GRM was a healthy $ 9.63/bbl for the April-Devember 2015 period without the excise relief whereas with the excise duty concession, it is a whopping $23.66/bbl, the highest in the country.
 NRL's GRM was $ 9.46/bbl in 2014-15 without excise relief and $ 16.67/bbl in 2014-15.
 8"These are very high rates of return, and the refinery is capable of being on its feet without the excise relief," sources told this website.
 8On the other hand, other refineries in the areas, Bongaigaon, Guwahati and Digboi posted GRMs of $ 1.68, $ 1.37 and $ 4.20 respectively in the April-December, 2015 period without excise duty relief and therefore a case is made out for continuation of the excise duty relief for them.
 8The funds earmarked for excise relief for NRL can then be released for development of other, more labour intensive industries in the North East.
 Click on Reports for more Details
The facility will also need an integrated electrical system that will require energy saving capacitor banks, battery charger banks, earth pits, automatic transfer switches, contract demand, connected loads, HT VBCs, PMCCs and MLDBs, High Masts
 8There are environment safety requirements that will need a medium velocity water sprinkler system, a fire fighting system, provisions for a fire hydrant piping network with intermittent deluge valves covering the full licensed area, fire water tanks, a tank farm management system, a valve automation system, remote operated valves, servo gauges on all tanks, an interlock shutdown system and an emergency shut down system for filling activities in complex.
 8The instrumentation system will have to include a gas monitoring system, a leakage and MIMIC panel , an access control system, a control room with equipment
Click here for more information. Details
One of the public sector oil marketing companies is setting up a Rs 100 crore LPG facility which will house three mounded bullets with a capacity of 600 MT each.
 8The plant will receive the LPG through road trucks but will eventually be connected to a pipeline and will dispatch LPG cylinders for domestic, commercial and industrial use by trucks.
 8For many readers, an LPG assembly unit may seem like a simple industrial activity but even here, there is a large requirement of equipment and services.
 To being with, there are requirements for the following equipments:
 8Mounded bullets
 8Truck loading bays
 8Water storage tanks
 8All sorts of pumps, including water cooling pumps, LPG pumps, LPG compressors, security air compressors, fire pumps, jockey pumps
 8Telescopic conveyors, gas monitoring systems, leak detectors
 8A Carousel
 8Pressure testers, an integrated weight correction unit, dynamic check valves, a valve check unit, a purging unit, a valve changing machine, a hot air sealing system, a weigh bridge, a vapor extraction system, a test bath conveyor system.
Click here for more information. Details
The PNGRB has now made it a rule for every project promoter to compulsorily provide detailed progress reports on gas pipelines on a quarterly basis.
 8These reports will track physical and financial progress of projects.
 8This is something that will help not just the regulator but also industries that are planning to build capacities based on supply of gas from new pipelines. A fertilizer plant for example can monitor progress of the new pipeline that is meant to supply gas so as to be able to synchronize activity according to progress achieved in the laying of the pipeline.
 8The physical progress parameters include diameters and lengths of of pipelines being built, number of compressors, intermediate terminals, target for the quarter, progress made so far and work left to be completed.
 8The quarterly financial report will emphasize on share holding pattern, fixed assets, zone wise revenue earned, operating expenses, profit before and after tax, term loans and working capital loans.
 8Every pipeline entity must designate an officer responsible for provision of data to the PNGRB.
 8Monthly reports will also have to be submitted by CGD companies on its domestic, commercial and industrial consumers
 8CGD promoters will have to provide detailed physical and financial project progress reports on CNG stations built
 8Importantly, non-provision of information will invoke penalties under Regulation 16 of the PNGRB Act.
Click here for more information. Details
 < 1 2 3 4 >  Last ›

Showing 51–100 of 263 items